the Hebrew into English? For the KJV, the Hebrew text forces itself on the English. “Valley of the shadow of death,” now an English cliché, was introduced by Bible translators, as was “my cup runneth over.” Older translations refreshed the target language (English) by bringing in the Hebrew as much as possible. The KJV enlarged not only the language but also the conceptual apparatus of English speakers, as more or less common words and concepts like table and cup and staff took on the religious aura